ABSTRACT
To identify the composition of iridoids from Hedyotis diffusa Willd and explore the mechanism on its anti-renal fibrosis effect based on network pharmacology, LC-Q/TOF-MS (liquid chromatograpy-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry) was used to analyze the iridoid ingredients and the related targets of renal fibrosis were obtained by DisGeNET database and MalaCards database. The potential targets were screened by SYBYL-X7.3 software. We then imported the identified ingredients and potential target genes into Cytoscape3.7.1 to construct the compound-target network and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, the gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the selected core genes were made to explore the mechanism of iridoids against renal fibrosis. There were 10 active iridoid compounds and 111 corresponding targets including dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1), heparanase (HPSE), human kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), moesin (MSN), etc. in compound-target network. The GO functional enrichment analysis obtained 211 GO entries. Twenty related signal pathways including Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway, renal cell carcinoma signaling pathway, and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of tran-ions (Jak-STAT) signaling pathway were selected by KEGG enrichment analysis. We preliminarily investigated the mechanism of the iridoid compounds on renal fibrosis to provide guide information for the subsequent experimental research and clinical application.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen the effective components of Shenkangwan that regulate endothelial-mesenchymal transition in endothelial cells for optimizing prescription of Shenkangwan.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ALK5 was identified as one of the target receptors that regulate endothelial-mesenchymal transition of endothelial cells using molecular docking technique. Nine molecules were screened as the candidate effective components in Shenkangwan, among which calycosin, ononin and stigmasterol were selected for testing. Glomerular epithelial cells were exposed to high glucose and treated with calycosin, ononin, or stigmasterol, and the cellular expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin mRNA were detected with real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 in the cells was detected using Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Calycosin, ononin and stigmasterol did not produce significant cytotoxicity in glomerular epithelial cells (P>0.05). The cells exposed to high glucose and calycosin treatment showed significantly decreased mRNA levels of α-SMA and vimentin (P<0.05) and inhibited phosphorylation of SMAD2/3. Ononin and stigmasterol did not produce such effects in the cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In endothelial cells with high glucose-induced injury, calycosin can inhibit the up-regulation of α-SMA and vimentin and inhibit phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 to regulate endothelial-mesenchymal transition and improve diabetic nephropathy.</p>
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OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of pantoprazole in comparison with ranitidine for patients with duodenal ulcer, and evaluate the cost of the two drugs. METHODS: PubMed, Medline, EMbase, the Cochrane Library and three Chinese literature databases (VIP, CNKI and WanFang) were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the clinical outcomes of pantoprazole (PAN) group vs. ranitidine (RAN) group for duodenal ulcer were included. Two reviewers independently screened literature in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted the data and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software and cost-effectiveness analysis was performed with the decision tree model. RESULTS: A total of six RCTs involving 1 225 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that PAN was superior to RAN in the 2-week or 4-week ulcers healing rates [RR = 1.61, 95% CI (1.44, 1.80), P<0.000 01 and RR = 1.18, 95% CI(1.12, 1.23), P <0.000 01, respectively]. Compared with RAN groups, PAN group had significantly higher rates of pain and gastrointestinal symptoms relief[RR = 1.31, 95% CI (1.15, 1.39); P<0.000 01 and RR = 1.18, 95% CI(1.08, 1.28), P = 0.000 3, respectively]. While there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the PAN and the RAN groups [RR = 1.35, 95% CI (0.87, 2.10), P = 0.19]. And the cost-effectiveness ratio was lower in the RAN group than in the PAN group (29.33 vs 53.90). CONCLUSION: Current evidence indicates that, pantoprazole is an effective scheme for duodenal ulcer, and ranitidine is considered as an economic choice. Both treatments are safe and well tolerated.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the short-term clinical and side effects of cryosurgical ablation for prostate cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The ENDOCAm cryosurgical system with 2 mm Cryo-probes was used to treat the prostate cancer guided by rectal ultrasonic. 1. Completeness of freeze; 2. Complications; 3. The changes of PSA and PSMA before and after operation were observed respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1. The completeness of freeze rate and non-completeness of freeze rate were 34.8% (8/23) and 65.2% (15/23) showed by MRI 3 weeks later after operation; the biopsy results showed that tumor positive rates in completeness of freeze group and non-completeness of freeze group were 0 and 20% (3/15) respectively after 6 months. 2. The incontinence rate was 13%, and all recovered during 1 month; and the erectile dysfunction rate post-operation was 56.2% (9/16). 3. The levels of PSA before and after cryosurgical ablation were (32.98 +/- 35. 50) microg/L, (11.65 +/- 26. 51) microg/L respectively (P < 0.05). PSMA increased significantly after the cryosurgical ablation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The short-term curative effects of cryosurgical ablation, which guided by rectal ultrasound for prostate cancer is satisfied with low complication rate and minor vulnus.</p>